PCDN Page 2.

Working for Community Cohesion and Integration Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876 -1948) - Baaba e Qaum (The founding father of Pakistan) - At age 19, became the youngest Indian to be called to the bar in England - A skilled and successful lawyer - Joined Muslim League in 1913 and became the president in 1916 - In 1925 he was offered a knighthood by Lord Reading. Jinnah politely turned the offer down saying: "I prefer to be plain Mr. Jinnah" - Proposed the 14-point constitutional reforms package to preserve and protect political rights for the Muslims of India - Worked hard for Hindu-Muslim unity and establishing a productive and meaningful working relationship with Indian National Congress (INC) - Proposed the 'Two-Nation Theory' that formed the foundation of the Pakistan Movement. Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877 - 1938) - Shaair e Mashriq, Mufakkir e Pakistan - Poet, Philosopher, Politician, Barrister - Obtained a Ph.D. from the Munich University in 1918. - Regarded as a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation across the world - Persuaded Quad e Azam to join the political struggle for independence. - Proposed the creation of Pakistan in his 'Allahabad address', in 1930 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817 - 1898) - Educator, Politician, Reformer, Modernist - Founded the MAO College (Later Aligarh Muslim University) - His work gave rise to a new generation of Muslim intellectuals and politicians who composed the Aligarh movement to secure the political future of Muslims of India - Helped minimize the British backlash against the Muslims after the 1857 ' mutiny'. Maulana Muhammad Ali (1878 - 1931) - A brilliant writer and orator who wrote for major English and Urdu newspapers in India - Worked hard to expand the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College, and was one of the co-founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia - The 6th Muslim president of Indian National Congress - One of the key leaders of the Khilafah Movement - Represented the Muslim delegation that travelled to England in 1919 to convince the British government to influence Mustafa Kemal not to depose the Sultan of Turkey, who was the Caliph of Islam. Quaid-e-Millat Liaquat Ali Khan (1895 - 1951) - A prominent figure in the Pakistan Movement - Right-hand man of Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jnnah - The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Foreign Affairs & Commonwealth, Kashmir Affairs and Defense Minister - Was instrumental in persuading Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah to return to India to re-organize and lead Pakistan Muslim League. - Assisted Jinnah in campaigning for the creation of a separate state for Indian Muslims Choudhry Rahmat Ali (1897 - 1951) - Proposed the name Pakistan for a separate homeland for Indian Muslims - Founded the Pakistan National Movement to propagate this idea - A political thinker and an idealist who wanted to save every Indian Muslim from Hindu domination - Criticized Jinnah for accepting a smaller Pakistan in 1947 - Wrote his ideas in the famous pamphlet entitled "Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever" Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (1873 - 1956) - A writer, poet, and journalist who took an important part in the Pakistan Movement - An orator and essayist of exceptional merit - Launched the daily Zamindar from Lahore which was founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad - Used his journalistic talents to support the Pakistan Movement Maulana Shaukat Ali (1873 - 1938) - Educator, Politician, Reformer, Modernist - Founded the MAO College, which became the Aligarh Muslim University - Was extremely fond of playing cricket, captaining the university team - Served in the civil service of United Provinces of Oudh and Agra from 1896 to 1913 - helped his brother Mohammed Ali publish the Urdu weekly Hamdard and the English weekly Comrade Mader e Millat Fatima Jinnah (1893 - 1967) - The younger sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and an active political figure in the Pakistan Movement. - The primary organiser of the All India Muslim Women Students Federation - A dentist by qualification ran her own clinic in Bombay in 1923 - In 1929 she moved to Quaid e Azam's house and stayed with her brother and looked after him till his death in 1948. Bahadur Yar Jung (1905 - 1944) - The maternal grand-uncle of Fatima Surayya Bajia[1], Anwar Maqsood - argued for the separation of Muslim states in India during the British Occupation in the 1930s and 1940s - Particularly, he wanted his own home state, Hyderabad, to be separate from the rest of India as a Islamic/Muslim state with Sharia law in force - founded an organisation called Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, for the propagation of Islam - A friend and aide to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, he was one of the most admired leader of Pakistan Movement - his oratory skills served as a catalyst to the indepedence struggle

Prominent Leaders of Pakistan Movement

1. History

British Pakistanis or Pakistani Britons are defined as British Citizens with ancestral links to

Pakistan.

People from the area known as Pakistan have long historical links with the United Kingdom,

going as far back as the seventeenth century. However, a significant number of Pakistanis

migrated to the UK during the second World War as soldiers and seamen in the British forces.

After the independence of Pakistan and India in 1947, Pakistanis, mainly from Punjab and

Kashmir, arrived in the UK to meet the labour shortages in the National Health Service, textiles,

steel mills and public transport.

As far as the Pakistani migration to Birmingham is concerned, the construction of Mangla Dam on

the river Jhelum near Mirpur, played a major role. Many of the displaced residents headed to

Birmingham and other major cities in Great Britain to join their friends and family members.

Prior to the construction of Mangla Dam, the people from Punjab (Potohar region) had close

family and trading ties with the people of Mirpur, Dadyal and Kotli areas of Kashmir. When the

"Mirpuris" settled in Birmingham, they sponsored people from Gujar Khan and the surrounding

areas to migrate to the UK. This then established the pattern of settlement in Birmingham. More

recently people from Attock and the North West Frontier Province have also settled in

Birmingham, particularly in the inner the city wards of Sparkbrook and Springfield thus adding to

the Pakistani heritage population of the city.

2. The Pakistani population of Birmingham

The Pakistani heritage population in Birmingham has a varied demographic profile. They have a

much younger age groups with the majority being born in the UK. It is common to find second,

third and even fourth generation Pakistani heritage residents living in inner Birmingham.

Based on the past trends, derived from the 1981, 1991 and 2001 census data, the Pakistani

heritage population is estimated to be about 250 000. If this is evidenced by the Census 2011,

then it will be the largest visible ethnic minority population in Birmingham and the largest such a

community outside Pakistan. Furthermore, the schools pupil data also indicates that the

Pakistanis make the largest number of school pupils in the city. Therefore, it is reasonable to

assume that about twenty five percent of Birmingham's population is of Pakistan heritage.

Some anecdotal evidence shows that there are three main reasons for the rapid increase in the

Pakistani heritage population of Birmingham: family ties encourage Pakistanis to continue to live

in the inner wards of the city; whilst the overall family size is decreasing, Pakistani heritage

residents continue to have more children compared with other communities; Pakistani heritage

young people continue to marry within their wider family networks in Pakistan. Therefore, there is

still net inflow of immigration to the city from Pakistan.

This rapidly increasing population of Pakistani heritage residents has major social and political

implications for Birmingham:

• The future economic success of Birmingham is directly linked to the success of its Pakistani

heritage population, especially young people.

• The city needs to evolve its political and administrative structures to reflect the needs of this

growing population.

• The Pakistani heritage residents need to move into non-traditional areas to improve

community cohesion and integration into the mainstream life of the city.

• The community needs to break its insular mentality and build strategic partnerships with

other communities to develop a shared and mutually supportive vision for the city.

3. Key issues facing the Pakistani heritage population of Birmingham

Whilst there are many issues affecting the other communities that also impact on the Pakistani

heritage community, there are some specific issues that affect the Pakistanis disproportionately:

Educational underachievement is preventing the Pakistani heritage young people to realise

their full potential. Pakistanis in other cities have far better educational outcomes. If we look

at other similar community settlements in the USA and Canada, they are generally

outperforming other communities educational achievement. This problem in Birmingham

needs to be investigated and barriers must be removed. The Pakistani heritage community

must have better input and more participation in the management of educational

institutions.

Poverty and unemployment continue to impact far more heavily on the community. Many

Pakistanis are self-employed in the taxi business, takeaways and retail businesses. The

public sector has largely failed to employ members of the community.

Health inequalities also continue to adversely affect the community. There is higher

incidence of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and disability compared with

other residents.

Lack of voluntary and community infrastructure means that the community is not well

placed to resolve its own issues with poor educational and health outcomes.

As stated above the community remains largely insular and disconnected from other

communities in the city. Given the size of the community and its impact on the city, it is vital

to build cross community relationships, assume leadership roles in Birmingham to integrate

and enhance community cohesion.

It is with this in mind that the PCDN has set out to champion the Pakistani heritage community's

issues and to actively promote integration and community cohesion in Birmingham.

Pakistan Heritage Population of Birmingham

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